1 Samuel 4:8

Authorized King James Version

Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods? these are the Gods that smote the Egyptians with all the plagues in the wilderness.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
א֣וֹי
Woe
lamentation; also interjectionally oh!
#2
לָ֔נוּ
H0
#3
מִ֣י
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
#4
יַצִּילֵ֔נוּ
unto us! who shall deliver
to snatch away, whether in a good or a bad sense
#5
מִיַּ֛ד
us out of the hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#6
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים
Gods
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#7
הָֽאַדִּירִ֖ים
of these mighty
wide or (generally) large; figuratively, powerful
#8
הָאֵ֑לֶּה
these or those
#9
אֵ֧לֶּה
these or those
#10
הֵ֣ם
they (only used when emphatic)
#11
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים
Gods
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#12
הַמַּכִּ֧ים
that smote
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#13
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#14
מִצְרַ֛יִם
the Egyptians
mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt
#15
בְּכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#16
מַכָּ֖ה
with all the plagues
a blow (in 2 chronicles 2:10, of the flail); by implication, a wound; figuratively, carnage, also pestilence
#17
בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃
in the wilderness
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

Related Resources

Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.

People

Study Resources